Plumbum：shell 组合器库
项目描述
铅：壳组合器
曾经希望将紧凑的 shell 脚本放入真正的编程语言中吗？向Plumbum Shell Combinators打个招呼。Plumbum（拉丁语中的铅，在当时被用来创建管道）是一个小型但功能丰富的库，用于 Python 中的类似 shell 脚本的程序。该库的座右铭是“永远不再编写 shell 脚本”，因此它试图在有意义的地方模仿shell 语法（“shell 组合器”），同时保持所有Pythonic 和跨平台。
除了类似于 shell 的语法和方便的快捷方式外，该库还提供本地和远程命令执行（通过 SSH）、本地和远程文件系统路径、简单的工作目录和环境操作，以及编程命令行界面 (CLI) 应用程序工具包。现在让我们看一些代码！
这只是一个预告片；完整的文档可以在 阅读文档中找到
备忘单
基本
>>> from plumbum import local
>>> ls = local["ls"]
>>> ls
LocalCommand(<LocalPath /bin/ls>)
>>> ls()
u'build.py\ndist\ndocs\nLICENSE\nplumbum\nREADME.rst\nsetup.py\ntests\ntodo.txt\n'
>>> notepad = local["c:\\windows\\notepad.exe"]
>>> notepad() # Notepad window pops up
u'' # Notepad window is closed by user, command returns除了为您希望使用的每个程序编写xxx = local["xxx"] 之外，您还可以导入命令
>>> from plumbum.cmd import grep, wc, cat, head
>>> grep
LocalCommand(<LocalPath /bin/grep>)管道
>>> chain = ls["-a"] | grep["-v", "\\.py"] | wc["-l"]
>>> print chain
/bin/ls -a | /bin/grep -v '\.py' | /usr/bin/wc -l
>>> chain()
u'13\n'重定向
>>> ((cat < "setup.py") | head["-n", 4])()
u'#!/usr/bin/env python\nimport os\n\ntry:\n'
>>> (ls["-a"] > "file.list")()
u''
>>> (cat["file.list"] | wc["-l"])()
u'17\n'工作目录操作
>>> local.cwd
<Workdir /home/tomer/workspace/plumbum>
>>> with local.cwd(local.cwd / "docs"):
... chain()
...
u'15\n'前台和后台执行
>>> from plumbum import FG, BG
>>> (ls["-a"] | grep["\\.py"]) & FG # The output is printed to stdout directly
build.py
.pydevproject
setup.py
>>> (ls["-a"] | grep["\\.py"]) & BG # The process runs "in the background"
<Future ['/bin/grep', '\\.py'] (running)>命令嵌套
>>> from plumbum.cmd import sudo
>>> print sudo[ifconfig["-a"]]
/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ifconfig -a
>>> (sudo[ifconfig["-a"]] | grep["-i", "loop"]) & FG
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1远程命令（通过 SSH）
支持与openSSH兼容的客户端、 PuTTY（在 Windows 上）和Paramiko（SSH2 的纯 Python 实现）
>>> from plumbum import SshMachine
>>> remote = SshMachine("somehost", user = "john", keyfile = "/path/to/idrsa")
>>> r_ls = remote["ls"]
>>> with remote.cwd("/lib"):
... (r_ls | grep["0.so.0"])()
...
u'libusb-1.0.so.0\nlibusb-1.0.so.0.0.0\n'CLI 应用程序
import logging
from plumbum import cli
class MyCompiler(cli.Application):
verbose = cli.Flag(["-v", "--verbose"], help = "Enable verbose mode")
include_dirs = cli.SwitchAttr("-I", list = True, help = "Specify include directories")
@cli.switch("--loglevel", int)
def set_log_level(self, level):
"""Sets the log-level of the logger"""
logging.root.setLevel(level)
def main(self, *srcfiles):
print "Verbose:", self.verbose
print "Include dirs:", self.include_dirs
print "Compiling:", srcfiles
if __name__ == "__main__":
MyCompiler.run()样本输出
$ python simple_cli.py -v -I foo/bar -Ispam/eggs x.cpp y.cpp z.cpp
Verbose: True
Include dirs: ['foo/bar', 'spam/eggs']
Compiling: ('x.cpp', 'y.cpp', 'z.cpp')
颜色和样式
from plumbum import colors
with colors.red:
print("This library provides safe, flexible color access.")
print(colors.bold | "(and styles in general)", "are easy!")
print("The simple 16 colors or",
colors.orchid & colors.underline | '256 named colors,',
colors.rgb(18, 146, 64) | "or full rgb colors",
'can be used.')
print("Unsafe " + colors.bg.dark_khaki + "color access" + colors.bg.reset + " is available too.")
